固體廢物水解的處理方案
Solution to Solid Waste Hydrolysis

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項目背景 Project Background

2021年，除了回收、重用、焚燒和特殊處理方法之外，香港堆填區的固體廢物總量為567萬公噸，平均每天量為15,533公噸。其中城市固廢的平均日產量為16,411公噸，69%採用堆填處理方式，平均每天在堆填區處理的量為11,358公噸（總量415萬公噸）。而廚餘垃圾是城市固廢的主要組成部分，每天3,618公噸的廚餘垃圾中有3,437公噸無法回收並在堆填區丟棄，占城市固廢堆填總量的30%。

固廢產量不斷增加，政府早在20年前就開始探討垃圾收費的問題。期間還通過推廣教育、征費、獎勵等行動針對固廢生產問題進行了不斷努力，其中包括垃圾分類、源頭減廢、塑膠征費、電子廢棄物征費、回收獎勵、行業回收資助等措施。此外，香港政府還在不斷尋求除堆填之外的固廢處理方案，包括小蠔灣O · PARK1的廚餘厭氧分解設備、屯門Y · PARK的園林廢物處理、屯門環保園WEEE · PARK的廢電器電子產品處理設施、屯門T · PARK等，甚至包括以轉廢為能為核心的石鼓洲I · PARK和黑水虻試驗計畫，可見固廢處理問題急待解決。

愛護環境，人人有責。公司將此作為核心價值觀，願景是民商共用綠色明天。多年來，公司四處尋求解決固廢處理問題的良方，包括汙水處理、工業及醫療廢棄物、農業廢料等，最終公司決定專注於城市固廢處理。

在這個領域，公司也考察了不同的解決方案，其中不乏歐美專利的微生物消化技術、來自日本的轉廢為能移動方案、德國技術的就地解決方案，還有各種大小的國內外處理方法，如生物分解（黑水虻）和玻璃再結構（過濾石和建築材料）等。在考慮處理效能的同時，也關注二次排放和碳足跡等周邊因素。經過詳細的分析和比較，結合香港政府推出的各種政策，如綠在區區、用戶自付等，公司選擇了日本專利的加水分解技術。

通過與日本技術方多次交流和使命分享，公司很榮幸在2023年通過全資日本子公司有限會社國友環境設備公司成功獲得日本專利的加水分解技術的擁有人伊賀國友產業株式會社委任為其香港獨家總代理，為香港城市固廢處理提供多一種可能更高效能、更便利的解決方案

The total amount of solid waste disposed at Hong Kong landfills in 2021 is estimated at 5.67 million tonnes, with an average daily load of 15,533 tonnes, which does not include recycling, reuse, incineration, or special management methods. The average daily production volume of municipal solid waste among them is 16,411 tonnes, with landfill accounting for 69% of it. Approximately 11,358 tonnes of waste are disposed of at landfills in Hong Kong each day (totalling 4.15 million tonnes). The majority of urban solid waste is composed of food waste. A total of 3,437 metric tons of food waste are disposed of in landfills each day, constituting 30% of the total amount of urban solid waste.

The production of solid waste continues to increase daily, prompting the government to consider garbage charges two decades ago. Throughout this period, the government has consistently addressed the issue through educational initiatives, levies, incentives, and various means such as garbage classification, source reduction, plastic levy, electronic disposal levy, recycling incentives, industry recycling subsidiesand so on.

Moreover, the Hong Kong government actively seeks alternatives to landfills for solid waste treatment. These alternative methods include anaerobic food waste decomposition equipment at O PARK1 in Oyster Bay Station, garden waste treatment at Y Park in Tuen Mun, e-waste treatment facilities at WEEE PARK in Tuen Mun EcoPark & T Park, among others. Additionally, waste-to-energy converters and experiments involving black soldier flies have been explored to highlight the severity of the solid waste problem.

At Iga Kunitomo International (HK) Limited, caring for the environment is ingrained in our core values. We envision a green tomorrow shared by businesses and the general public. Over the years, our company has diligently sought a comprehensive solution that directly addresses the challenges of solid waste treatment, including sewage, industrial, medical, agricultural waste, and most importantly, urban solid waste.

In this pursuit, we have explored various solutions, including patented microbial digestion technology from Europe and the United States, waste-to-energy solutions from Japan, on-site solutions using German technology, as well as local and international treatment methods such as biological decomposition (black soldier flies) and glass restructuring (filter stones and building materials). Our selection process considers not only treatment efficiency but also factors such as secondary emissions and carbon footprint, ensuring a holistic approach to waste management.

原理 Philosophy

環保有機肥再生設備是一種運用高壓鍋煮熟的原理對廢棄物進行高溫、高壓煮熟處理，使它在短時間內形成有機肥料或生物燃料的特殊裝置。即使是難以分解處理的石油類塑料容器包裝廢棄物、塑料袋以及須分類的特殊垃圾(如醫療垃圾)、含有有機物的混合垃圾等等，也無須分門別類，100%安全地肥料化、甚至是生物量燃料。是劃時代的、集合了廢物回收、變廢為寶，再生利用技術的裝置。

Our environmentally friendly organic fertilizer regeneration equipment utilizes a pressure-based mechanism to rapidly convert waste into organic fertilizer or biofuel through high-temperature heating. This innovative technology allows for the efficient processing of various types of waste, including petroleum-based plastic containers and packaging, plastic bags, special wastes such as medical waste, mixed waste containing organic matter, and other challenging-to-decompose and handle wastes.The equipment ensures that these waste materials can be transformed into safe and nutrient-rich fertilizers or even utilized as a source of biofuel, all without requiring prior sorting. By seamlessly integrating waste recycling, transformation, and recycling technology devices, our system offers a comprehensive solution for waste management and resource utilization.

優點 Advantages

處理方法簡單：

把原料投入裝置，注入1.7-2.0Mpa、200度左右的高溫高壓蒸汽後，攪拌15-20分鐘，容器內的加水分解反應形成了完全無害的有用的肥料或飼料，甚至是生物量燃料。

裝置內的加水分解反應：

高溫高壓的容器內的飽和蒸汽(約200度左右、 17-20大氣壓)使有機化合物激烈地進行加水分解反應，難以分解的高分子化合物，分解成消化性、吸收性良好的低分子有機物，是形成有機肥的必要條件。

可對應各種各樣的含水率高的原料(處理物)：

處理過程中多餘的水變成蒸汽排放回收處理，含水率高的難處理物質，如：廚餘、家禽糞尿、生垃圾、農作物殘渣、水產加工殘渣等等無需顧忌。

環保的處理方法：

目前為止，有機廢棄物的處理方法基本上都採用燃燒的方式進行, 而本設備採用加水分解反應用水作為溶劑，因此不產生二噁英、NOX、SOX等有毒有害氣體，可以說是一種十分環保的處理方法。

PCB分解：

我們曾對含有PCB0.75mg/kg的變壓器油進行了處理。處理後回收採集的蒸汽，固形物(原材料的混合物用)、廢氣提交給公認的分析機關進行了分析檢測,結果水蒸氣低於0.05mg/m3、廢氣低於0.0181mg/m3、固形廢棄物的殘留量低於0.0005mg/L所有值都低於規定值，達到了日本國家要求，也證明了它能處理PCB廢棄物。

短時間製成無菌有機肥：

無菌化、消臭化、小分子化、堆肥短期化通過高溫、高壓處理，雜草的種子及各種病原菌完全燒死。無細菌反應，所以不會因腐爛、發酵而出現的臭氣。經過加水分解處理作用，蛋白質等天然高分子物質被分解成容易被植物消化吸收的小分子物質。處理過的物質經過十天左右的自然發酵就成為良好的有機肥，大大縮短了堆肥時間。

The procedure is straightforward:

To process the raw materials, simply place them into the device and inject high-pressure steam at 1.7-2.0Mpa and 200 degrees Celsius. Stir the mixture for 15 to 20 minutes. This will initiate a hydrolysis reaction within the container, resulting in the production of completely safe and beneficial fertilizer, feed, or even biomass fuel.

Hydrolysis reaction in the device:

The high-temperature and high-pressure container, operating at approximately 200 degrees Celsius and 17-20 atmospheric pressure, utilizes saturated steam to induce an effective hydrolysis reaction in organic compounds. This reaction facilitates the breakdown of complex and difficult-to-decompose high-molecular compounds into easily digestible and absorbable low-molecular organic matter. These conditions are essential for the production of organic fertilizers.

Compatibility with a wide range of raw materials (discarded products) containing a high water content:

In the treatment process, any excess water present in the system is converted into steam and discharged. This steam is then recycled for further use. Therefore, there is no need to worry about managing water-containing substances such as cooking waste, poultry manure, garbage, crop residues, and aquatic product processing residues. These materials can be effectively processed without causing any complications or concerns related to their water content.

An environmentally friendly disposal method:

In contrast to traditional methods that primarily involve combustion, this equipment utilizes water as a solvent for the hydrolysis reaction during organic waste treatment. This unique approach effectively prevents the generation of toxic gases like dioxin, NOX, SOX, and others. As a result, this process is exceptionally environmentally friendly, ensuring minimal harm to the environment and promoting sustainable waste management practices.

Decomposition of PCB:
We worked with transformer oil that contained PCB at a concentration of 0.75 mg per kilogram. The collected steam, solid matter (raw material mixture), and waste gas were sent to a recognized analysis laboratory for analysis and testing. The results showed that the water vapour was less than 0.05mg/m3, the waste gas was less than 0.0181mg/m3, and the solid waste residues were less than 0.0005mg/L, all of which are less than the regulated value, proving that it can handle PCB waste and meet Japan's national requirements.

Produces sterile organic fertilizer in a short period of time:
Following sterilization, deodorization, catabolism, and short-term composting using high temperatures and high pressures, weed seeds and various pathogenic bacteria are eradicated. Due to the absence of a bacterial reaction, odours associated with rot and fermentation are not produced. Hydrolysis decomposes natural substances with high molecular weight, such as protein, into small molecules that are easily absorbed by plants. Hence, within around ten days of being treated, the material becomes a good organic fertilizer, significantly reducing the time required for composting.